My Hugo Blog

Business_planning_notes

Mon, 20 Jul 2026 23:48:25 +0530

Starting a Business — Notes

Consolidated notes from a planning conversation about starting a business, with a focus on an office IT networking business in Kerala.

1. Foundational Business Skills Guide

A practical starting point for building toward business ownership.

You don’t need every skill mastered before starting a business — most owners learn on the job. But a working grasp of each area early makes the first few years less painful and helps you spot problems before they get expensive.

Business_skills_guide

Mon, 20 Jul 2026 23:48:25 +0530

Foundational Business Skills Guide

A practical starting point for building toward business ownership

You don’t need every skill on this list mastered before starting a business — most owners learn a lot of this on the job. But having a working grasp of each area early makes the first few years far less painful, and helps you spot problems before they become expensive. This guide groups the essentials into six areas, roughly in the order they tend to matter.

Top 10 Reasons Small Businesses Fail

Mon, 20 Jul 2026 23:48:25 +0530

Top 10 Reasons Small Businesses Fail (and How to Fix Them)

1. Running Out of Cash

Why it happens: Underestimating startup costs, slow-paying customers, and no cash buffer for lean months. Solution:

Keep at least 3–6 months of operating expenses in reserve before scaling.
Track cash flow weekly, not just monthly profit.
Invoice promptly and follow up on late payments quickly.

2. No Real Market Demand

Why it happens: Building a product or offering a service before confirming people will actually pay for it. Solution:

Top Valuable Life Skills

Mon, 20 Jul 2026 23:48:25 +0530

Top Valuable Life Skills

A few that tend to compound over a lifetime.

Practical / Mental

Managing money — budgeting, saving, understanding debt and interest
Clear communication — writing and speaking so people actually get your point
Critical thinking — questioning claims, spotting bad reasoning (your own included)
Learning how to learn — picking up new skills fast without a teacher

People Skills

Negotiation — not just for salary/deals, but everyday disagreements
Active listening — genuinely understanding before responding
Conflict resolution — handling friction without it turning into resentment

Self-Management

Emotional regulation — handling stress, setbacks, and strong emotions without being ruled by them
Discipline / consistency — showing up even when motivation is gone
Time and energy management — knowing what matters and protecting it

Practical Life

Basic cooking and health literacy — reading your body, food, and medical info
Problem-solving under uncertainty — making a decent call without full information
Adaptability — staying functional when plans fall apart

apt-learning

Mon, 20 Jul 2026 23:33:49 +0530

title: apt learning tags : #apt #linux

Apt command Started in debian Root permissions are required to interact with apt command apt update - update your repository links to newest version. It doesn’t install any software

sudo apt install Dependencies of the package will be installed

Multiple packages can be installed by adding space

To remove a package

sudo apt remove

curl

Mon, 20 Jul 2026 23:33:49 +0530

title: curl tags: #curl

CURL

Can be used for testing end points downloading files

for grabbing a url

curl <url>

to output to a file

curl -o <fileName> <url>

to include header information

curl -i <url>

to just get head

-I or –head

to download file with curl

curl -O <url>

Post request is the post request url

curl -d "title=Hello&body=Hello World" <url>

enable-ssh-keys-in-server

Mon, 20 Jul 2026 23:33:49 +0530

The correct way to do this, is to switch from password authentication to a public/private key pair. This typically needs no reconfiguration at all and is quite easy.

Step 1: If you do not have a key, create one: ssh-keygen will do that for you

Step 2: Authorize this key on the remote host: Run ssh-copy-id user@ip once, using your password

Step 3: From now on ssh user@ip will no longer ask for your password

file-systems-and-OS-compatibility

Mon, 20 Jul 2026 23:33:49 +0530

title: files systems and OS compatibility tags: #file-system #drives #windows #linux

NTFS - Native support in windows, support is available in linux. In linux read and write can be done using tools like ntfs-3g. Use system drive on windows. ext4 - widely used on linux systems, no native support in windows. Third party tootls like Ext2Fsd or DiskInternals Linux Reader allow access.use system drive on linux exFAT - compatible with both Windows and Linux(native support in recent distributions). Best for external drives. not ideal for system drives btrfs - modern features like RAID, snapshots and compression. Growing support in linux. Not natively supported in windows.Use system drive in linux APFS- Apple File System

formatting-a-drive-for-windows-installation

Mon, 20 Jul 2026 23:33:49 +0530

title: formatting a drive for windows installation tags: #format #windows #installation

Shift+ f10 to open command prompt during installation
launch the diskpart utility using diskpart
now list disks list disk
select the disk you want to format select Disk x
run clean to wipe all the data on the disk order of the following two steps may have to be swapped.
now by default it may be using an MBR table, it can be changed to GPT using convert gpt
now create a primary partition using create partition primary
if partition is already existing you may need select it using select partition Partition x
now format format fs=ntfs quick
assign a drive letter to the drive assign
exit diskpart using exit
now this drive will be available in windows installation windows for selection.

git-error-analysis

Mon, 20 Jul 2026 23:33:49 +0530

git error analysis On branch gh-pages Your branch and ‘origin/gh-pages’ have diverged, and have 2 and 1 different commits each, respectively. (use “git pull” if you want to integrate the remote branch with yours)

nothing to commit, working tree clean To https://github.com/01-ilyas/blog.git ! [rejected] gh-pages -> gh-pages (non-fast-forward) error: failed to push some refs to ‘https://github.com/01-ilyas/blog.git' hint: Updates were rejected because the tip of your current branch is behind hint: its remote counterpart. If you want to integrate the remote changes, hint: use ‘git pull’ before pushing again. hint: See the ‘Note about fast-forwards’ in ‘git push –help’ for details.

git-version-control

Mon, 20 Jul 2026 23:33:49 +0530

title:change default editor for git tags: #git, #editor

change editor for git git config –global core.editor “”

title:create a branch in git tags:#git #branching

create a branch in git git branch branch_name

git checkout branch_name

git checkout -b branch_name

git branch

git push -u origin branch_name

Choose meaningful names for branches that reflect their purpose (e.g., feature/login, bugfix/issue-123).

Use git branch -d branch_name to delete a branch if you no longer need it (use -D for force deletion).

git-version-control-article

Mon, 20 Jul 2026 23:33:49 +0530

title: git version control article tags: #article #git #vcs

title:change default editor for git tags: #git, #editor

change editor for git git config –global core.editor “”

title:create a branch in git tags:#git #branching

create a branch in git git branch branch_name

git checkout branch_name

git checkout -b branch_name

git branch

git push -u origin branch_name

Choose meaningful names for branches that reflect their purpose (e.g., feature/login, bugfix/issue-123).

group-management

Mon, 20 Jul 2026 23:33:49 +0530

title: Group management in linux tags: #linux #groups

Groups in linux Primary group/login group

When running a programme run as this user and group
When creating a file permissions under this user and primary group is used

Sudo groupadd

sudo gpasswd –add

group john Groups john belongs to is displayed

User can be removed from a group user the delete version

host-a-website-in-rpi

Mon, 20 Jul 2026 23:33:49 +0530

###Host a website in rpi ####Install nginx on rpi and the service sudo apt install nginx sudo /etc/init.d/nginx start

Now if we enter the ip address of raspberry in a browser we will be able to see the nginx sample page.

####Copy website files to nginx folder

hyfy-app-deployment-reinstatement

Mon, 20 Jul 2026 23:33:49 +0530

generated ssh keys with a custom keyfile name with a passphrase
created a config.bak file with some configuration
setup hyfy email and login to aws
create an instance from previous snapshot
copied ssh public key to authorized_keys file.
now able to login with ssh key.
whitelist all ips in mongo atlas
check nginx settings
open https port in amazon firewall-d
check using curl locally whether api is working
check .env file, seems it is missing It was available.It was not shown because it was a hidden file.

install-pelican

Mon, 20 Jul 2026 23:33:49 +0530

Title: Install Pelican, the Python Static Site Generator on Linux(Ubuntu) Date: 2025-01-09 09:27 Category: Tech Tags: pelican, static site generator, python

Here are the steps for installing Pelican the Python based static site generator on Linux.

First make sure Python and pip is available on your system

$python3 --version
Python 3.12.3
$pip3 --version
pip 24.0 from /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip (python 3.12)

Now create a Python virtual environment. Here my-blog-env is the virtual environment name.

learn-linux-thoughts

Mon, 20 Jul 2026 23:33:49 +0530

title: learn linux thoughts tags: #linux #thoughts

learn linux I thought it would be better to complete linux basics before going into projects

projects can be where you practice stuff

or learning while doing which is better?

may be you can learn some stuff, to learn it deep you can do some videos about the same things.

linux-directory-structure

Mon, 20 Jul 2026 23:33:49 +0530

title: linux directory structure tags: #linux #directory-structure #file-system

/bin contains commands that may be used by both system admin and by users, but which are required when no other filesystems are mounted eg in single user mode.It may also contain commands which are used indirectly by scripts

/bin contains core os programs which should be accessible before /user gets mounted on boot. Commands mount,ls,cd live here

No subdirectories in /bin

Linux-file-system-article

Mon, 20 Jul 2026 23:33:49 +0530

title: linux file system article tags: #article #linux-filesystem

/bin contains commands that may be used by both system admin and by users, but which are required when no other filesystems are mounted eg in single user mode.It may also contain commands which are used indirectly by scripts
Commands mount,ls,cd live here
No subdirectories in /bin
Command binaries that are not essential enough to place into /bin must be placed in /usr/bin, instead. Items that are required only by non-root users (the X Window System, chsh, etc.) are generally not essential enough to be placed into the root partition.

single user mode system works with minimal services and only a single user has access (usually the root user). It is used for maintenance tasks such as repairing filesystems, resetting root passwords or troubleshooting startup issues

linux-permissions

Mon, 20 Jul 2026 23:33:49 +0530

title: Linux permissions tags: #linux #permissions

permission string is divided into four groups

first letter d-dir - file l-link letters 2-4 permission for file owner letters 5-7 permission for group letters 8-10 permission for others

r-read files, read contents of dir w-write into file, add content into dir x-execute file,cd into directory

chmod command chmod +x adds execute bit to all three permissions chmod u+x adds x to user chmod g+x group chmod o+x others chmod u-x removes x from user chmod g+rw add rw to group

notes-for-bash-crash-course

Mon, 20 Jul 2026 23:33:49 +0530

Notes for Linux bash crash course

Link

ls

liststorage

~

represents your home folder

$

indicates you are a standard user ie to don’t have adminstrative privileges

pwd

print present working directory

Absolute path

Relative path

How to get somewhere from where you are now

ls

###options for ls

-a

list all files

####-l gives a long list with more details like file permissions

cd

cd with no arguments goes to home directory. if you hit tab twice after cd you will get the options for auto completion

parallels-between-speaking-and-writing

Mon, 20 Jul 2026 23:33:49 +0530

Title: Parallels Between Speaking and Writing Date: 2025-04-24 07:10 Category: Communication Tags: speeches, writing, public-speaking

Recently, I read the book On Writing Well by William Zinsser. The book focuses on how to improve nonfiction writing. I found a lot of parallels between his points on nonfiction writing and public speaking. Here are a few of them:

1. Don’t Feel Obligated to Make Your Speech the Final Word

Don’t fall into the false assumption that your speech needs to be the definitive or final authority on a subject. Instead, choose an aspect of the topic that interests you and deliver it well. If you try to make your speech the ultimate word on the subject, you may never even begin—overwhelmed by the daunting task ahead.

PC-Parts-for-building

Mon, 20 Jul 2026 23:33:49 +0530

PC Parts for building a PC

Add percentage cost also

Motherboard
CPU
RAM
SSD
Power supply
Cabinet
Graphics card

python-SSG

Mon, 20 Jul 2026 23:33:49 +0530

title: python SSGs tags : #python #SSG

quarterly-compliance-checklist

Mon, 20 Jul 2026 23:33:49 +0530

Title: Quarterly Compliance Review Checklist — BSNL Franchisee LLP Date: 2026-07-17 07:25 Category: Businees Tags: business, accounting, compliance

Quarterly Compliance Review Checklist — BSNL Franchisee LLP

For meetings with the accounts team | Quarter: __________

GST

GSTR-1 and GSTR-3B filed on time for all months in the quarter — check for late filings/late fees
ITC reconciliation: GSTR-2B vs. purchase register match — flag mismatches or missing vendor invoices
Output tax on services (FTTH/leased line billing) correctly taxed — check for exempt/zero-rated items
RCM applicability reviewed (payments to unregistered vendors, specified services) and paid
GST treatment on BSNL franchisee commission/revenue share confirmed and consistent
E-invoicing applicability checked against current turnover thresholds
Any GST department notices, DRC forms, or scrutiny in progress — status update
GSTR-9 / GSTR-9C prep status (if turnover crosses ₹2 crore)

LLP / ROC Compliance

Form 11 (Annual Return) — due 30 May — filed / on track
Form 8 (Statement of Account & Solvency) — due 30 October — filed / on track
DIR-3 KYC completed for all designated partners
Any changes in partners, capital contribution, or LLP agreement filed (Form 3/4)
Statutory registers and partner meeting minutes up to date

TDS

TDS deducted correctly on rent, professional fees, contractor/vendor payments
Quarterly TDS returns (26Q, 24Q if salaries) filed on time
TDS challans paid within due dates — no interest exposure
TDS deducted by BSNL on franchisee payments reconciled against Form 26AS/AIS
TDS certificates (Form 16A) issued to vendors

Income Tax

Advance tax installments paid on schedule
Tax audit applicability checked against current turnover
ITR filing status/prep for the LLP

Books & Reconciliation

Bank reconciliation completed for all accounts
BSNL settlement reconciliation — books vs. BSNL revenue-share/commission statements
Customer subscription receivables aging reviewed — overdue FTTH/leased line accounts
Vendor/BSNL payables aging reviewed
Fixed asset register updated — ONTs, routers, OFC, network equipment (additions/disposals/depreciation)
Security deposits (to BSNL, from customers) tracked correctly

Other Statutory

PF/ESI applicability checked if employee count/wages cross thresholds
Professional tax and Shops & Establishment license renewal current
MSME/Udyam registration status confirmed; 45-day payment rule reviewed for MSME vendors
Any pending notices from Income Tax, GST, or ROC — status update

Meeting Hygiene

Filings compared against a compliance calendar — nothing lingering “in progress”
GST/Income Tax portal login access confirmed as owned by the LLP, not solely the accountant
Accounts team asked to proactively flag exceptions (missed dates, mismatches, notices)

Notes / action items from this quarter’s meeting:

RAM-Specs

Mon, 20 Jul 2026 23:33:49 +0530

RAM Specs

RAM Speed depends on factors like

Frequency Bandwidth Number of channels Quantity Dual Data Rate latency speed/gen of processer capacity

Reputed RAM Brands

Corsair G.skill Kingston Samsung Crucial-micron Go for crucial

Factors to consider when buying one

Sticks needs to be of same generation-different generations have different electrical parameters and shapes, so they won’t function together on the same motherboard.
You can use RAM of different speeds of same generation, but they will run at the speed of the slowest module.
Mixing different RAM brands can cause performance issues.
You can use tools like crucial advisor or system scanner to find out which memory modules are compatible with your computer.
Using RAMs of two different speeds may prevent dual channel mode from functioning properly
timings and voltages-if these parameters vary it might affect system stability
sometimes you may need to adjust settings in bios so that ram works properly
when adding RAM it is best to sell existing and add new ones.
if the frequency difference is small the performance impact might be negligible.
it is best use RAM of same speed and frequency as per lenovo website and not mix RAMs
whether it is compatible with existing RAM, Motherboard and cpu
mother board slots number and configuration
motherboard supported frequency?
cpu supported frequency?
cl time notation

Frequency

RAM Speed is measured in MHz and refers to number of commands the RAM can process per second. It immediately follows the DDR Version of the RAM

redhat-reference-documentation

Mon, 20 Jul 2026 23:33:49 +0530

title:redhat reference documentation tags:#linux,#documentation,#redhat

https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/red_hat_enterprise_linux/4/html/reference_guide/index#index

Retrying-Iteration-of-a-Loop-if-it-gets-failed

Mon, 20 Jul 2026 23:33:49 +0530

Title: Retrying Iteration of a Loop if it gets failed Date: 2025-01-20 06:30 Category: Tech Tags: Python, Loops, Exception Handling

In this post I am going to explain a code block which I used for retrying iteration of a loop if it gets failed.

This is the code

:::python
def get_port_list_traffic(port_list, connnection_handler):
    port_traffic_data_list = []
    # variables for adding total traffic
    total_in_traffic = 0
    total_out_traffic = 0
    for port in port_list:
        retries = 0
        max_retries = 5
        while retries < max_retries:
            try:
                d = get_port_traffic_data(port,timestamp,connection_handler)
                port_traffic_data_list.append(d)
                # cumulative sum of traffic from each ports
                total_in_traffic = total_in_traffic + d['in_traffic']
                total_out_traffic = total_out_traffic + d['out_traffic']
            except Exception as e:
                retries = retries + 1
                if hasattr(e,'message'):
                    print(e.message)
                else:
                    print(e)
                print(f"Retrying {port['id']} {retries}th time")
            else:
                retries = 0
                break

This code snippet is part of code which gets port statistics from a network device. I have more than 30 ports in the device. The code scans every port and gets the statistics. Then repeats the process after a certain period of time for eg 30 minutes.
But the code randomly gets errors without any clear reason when scanning the ports.

rsync-learning

Mon, 20 Jul 2026 23:33:49 +0530

title : rsync learning tags: #rsync #linux

rsync command Tutorial notes Syncing files between directories

To see where rsync is located

command -v rsync /usr/bin/rsync

rsync dir1 dir2

It is a unidirectional sync. Everything in source is copied to the dest. By default it will not make the both directories identical.

Syncing with a remote server

rsync @:

scp-learning

Mon, 20 Jul 2026 23:33:49 +0530

title: scp learning tags : #scp #linux

Scp command Tutorial notes To check whether command is available command -v scp It uses ssh Access to the target server is required scp : You can also copy from remote machine to local machine scp : You dont have to specify a username if local and remote usernames are same. Otherwise specify username scp @: You don’t to specify the home dir also, for dirs under home only dir name is required For copying a dir scp -r -p for preserving the dates and times of files If ssh port is different you can use -P to specify the port

some-office-coding-updates

Mon, 20 Jul 2026 23:33:49 +0530

title : some office coding updates tags : #updates #linux #python

Office coding setup Requirement I need to run some scripts to take data Use bash scripts to learn it It requires a pc with linux on it. Practice linux

What type of scripts you are going to run

take bng port traffic and prepare the excel sheet you had prepared
bbnl olte traffic details

Virtual box installed User vboxuser Pwd changeme

ssh-access-to-server-video

Mon, 20 Jul 2026 23:33:49 +0530

which server to use oracle cloud?
aws will be easy, setup your account
create an instance
creating keys copying it to lightsail
create a config file
use passphrase

ssh-into-rpi

Mon, 20 Jul 2026 23:33:49 +0530

###Login to rpi using SSH

####Enable ssh in rpi from terminal use command sudo raspi-config Select Interfacing Options Navigate to and select SSH choose Yes Select Ok Choose Finish

Get IP address of rpi

use command hostname -I to get ip address of rpi

Connect rpi in the network

Ping rpi from your system

ssh-learning

Mon, 20 Jul 2026 23:33:49 +0530

title: ssh learning tags: #linux #ssh

sshd location Which sshd /usr/sbin/sshd

Example of a binary located in /usr/sbin The server component of openssh resides in the directory

ssh location which ssh /usr/bin/ssh

Example of a binary located in /usr/bin ssh is not a core utility that is required by the os to run

Ssh permissions Ssh dirs files should have correct permissions otherwise a connection may fail

Open SSH Tutorial notes

tailored-conversations

Mon, 20 Jul 2026 23:33:49 +0530

Title: Tailored Conversations: Adapting Communication Styles for Effective Interaction Date: 2025-01-30 09:30 Category: Communication Tags: communication, communication-styles, speeches, toastmasters

In a world where people communicate in diverse ways, understanding and adapting our communication style is essential. Recognizing our primary style and modifying it to suit the preferences of those we’re interacting with can greatly enhance our conversations. Let’s explore four distinct communication styles and how we can tailor our approach for more effective interactions.

to_learn

Mon, 20 Jul 2026 23:33:49 +0530

title: to learn tags: to-learn

gollum wiki installation
git credential manager not working
How to set git credentials on windows and linux
package mangers like apt
install packages using tar in linux

user-management

Mon, 20 Jul 2026 23:33:49 +0530

title: user management in linux tags: #linux #users

Users and groups in linux sudo useradd Add a user Following steps happens

user is created
group with same name is created and set as primary
home directory is created
default shell is set
contents of /etc/skel is copied to home dir
account will never expire

see defauts used by useradd by this command useradd –defaults

other defaults can be seen in this file cat /etc/login.defs

video-content-ideas

Mon, 20 Jul 2026 23:33:49 +0530

setting ssh access in a server
getting traffic from a microtik device using ssh
app deployment to a server with domain name ssl etc
create a internet speed test setup
making a cctv camera your webcam
portfolio viewer with python

video-creation-setup

Mon, 20 Jul 2026 23:33:49 +0530

setup obs on popos
installed obs, but two versions are available. which one to use to be decided
decide where to store files
store files in folder which is available from windows also. if required learn how to sync using rsync to a windows folder.
which software for editing, any windows soft
recording in linux and editing in windows?
how to create thumbnails

windows-10-installation

Mon, 20 Jul 2026 23:33:49 +0530

title: Window10 installation tags: #windows #installation

backup important stuff
Prepare installation media by visiting microsoft website
take product key from existing windows or from website
start installation
format drives if required
I had an issue that windows was not getting installed on a particular WDC drive. I formatted and reformatted and it was not working.
switched to other Samsung EVO drive and it worked fine.

Importance of Mentoring

Wed, 29 Jan 2025 08:32:45 +0530

“Give a man a fish, and you feed him for a day. Teach a man to fish, and you feed him for a lifetime.”

The difference between a mentor and a coach

A coach helps individuals or groups improve specific skills or achieve particular results. A career coach helps someone prepare for a job interview.

On other hand a mentor helps a person to develop their professional and personal life through a long term relationship. A senior executive mentoring a younger colleague on career development and leadership.

First Post

Tue, 20 Jul 2021 11:39:45 +0530

This is my first hugo blog